Willy Loman Tragic Hero - 730 Words

In 1949, the forlorn life of Willy Loman is introduced in Arthur Miller’s â€Å"Death of a Salesman†. At this time the American Dream was something everyone craved during the peak of suburbia. The American Dream was the golden standard of living like Donna Reed, all wrapped up with a white picket fence. To Willy Loman, The American Dream was not the golden standard, but the only standard. His wife Linda dutifully greeting him as he came home from a successful day as a salesman, and sits down to dinner with his sons Biff, the former football star and now successful salesman that takes after his father, and Happy, a husband and father of three who lives a humble life. This idea infested Willy’s mind to such an extent that reality was swept away.†¦show more content†¦Oedipus kills while Willy commits suicide, and Oedipus doesnt have people protecting him from the truth. Linda, Willy’s wife is the worst possible thing for him because when he starts to be brought down to reality, she starts to protect him from the cruelty of the real world, and delves him into his mythical world yet again. Oedipus is pulled out of his delusions, and realized the error of his ways. Willy however dies while in his delusions. In the ending, Willy gives up his desperate need to be liked for a $20,000 start for his son Biff which will hopefully lead him on the path to success. Both Willy and Oedipus share tragic flaws, and a life of being deluded from the truth. Although, they do share differences as well. Willy sacrificed himself to give his chance, rather than him follow in his fathers footsteps. Oedipus on the other hand, blinded himself to punish himself for carrying out his dreaded fate. Both found a sort of redemption through their demise or destruction.Willy and Oedipus may both have lead a misfortunate life full of regret, and flaw, but their one defining character that may not go noticed is they’re both great fathers. Oedipus left his family after learning the error of his ways. at first glance you think he feels pitiful, and is ashamed to face his family. On the contrary, Oedipus left his family to give them a chance at their own livesShow MoreRelatedWilly Loman Tragic Hero Analysis956 Words   |  4 Pagesis revolved around the concept of tragedy and a tragic hero. Aristotle defines tragedy as â€Å"the consequence of a man’s total compulsion to evaluate himself justly†. A tragic hero is defined as â€Å"a literary character who makes a judgement error that inevitably leads to his/her own destruction†. These two concepts apply to the play in the sense that Willy Loman is a man of good intentions, but there is often an undesirable outcome of them. Also, Willy is a victim of himself and his own beliefs. ArthurRead MoreWilly Loman Tragic Hero Analysis971 Words   |  4 Pagesor affair; disaster†. The main character, Willy Loman, shows how one dream can become a disaster through his im practical dreams and failing at achieving these goals. Not only does he fail at his dreams, he participates in an affair that is against morals. The idea of a tragic hero is defined as â€Å"a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy who is destined for downfall, suffering, or defeat†. Miller believes that the common man is the best tragic hero because it shows that the average, everydayRead MoreCharacteristics Of Willy Loman A Tragic Hero834 Words   |  4 PagesWilly Loman a Tragic Hero? Death Of a Salesman is a 1949 play written by american playwright Arthur Miller. It is a breathtaking play about Willy Loman, a salesman, trying to chase a dream that died long ago. It expresses how the old man’s life comes crumbling down with his last few attempts to make some of his dream reality and help his family in debt. Now people are debating weather Willy loman fits the right characteristics to be classified as a tragic hero. A tragic hero is someone who makesRead MoreHow Is Willy Loman A Tragic Hero727 Words   |  3 Pages The tragic hero referenced throughout the essay Tragedy and a Common Man is Willy Loman from Death of a Salesman. What Arthur Miller means by tragic hero is a protagonist in a play or a different form of filmography who is a subject for tragedy in its highest sense. The essay refers to a character who is ready to lay down his life to secure his personal dignity. The next reference to this character is society the struggle to gain a rightful posi tion. The last proof of this is how Miller talks aboutRead MoreWilly Loman: the Tragic Hero Essay1462 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller made the comment that a tragic hero â€Å"has the inherent unwillingness to remain passive in the face of what he conceives to be a challenge to his dignity.† Nowhere is this more evident than in Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, where salesman Willy Loman desperately struggles to regain a sense of dignity after experiencing a number of setbacks in his life. Despite not being able to provide for his family, Willy Loman continues the futile struggle to earn a living, which shows the despairRead MoreWilly Loman - A Tragic Hero Essay744 Words   |  3 Pageswhen he or she cannot live the â€Å"American Dream.† Willy Loman, the main character in the play is a confused and tragic character. He is a man who is struggling to hold onto what morality he has left in a changing society that no longer values the ideals he grew up to be lieve in. Even though the society he lives in can be blamed for much of his misfortune, he must also be the blame for his bad judgment, disloyalty and his foolish pride. Willy Loman believes in the â€Å"American Dream,† which is the beliefRead MoreIs Willy Loman a Tragic Hero in Death of Salesman1305 Words   |  6 PagesWilly Loman’s character in Death of a Salesman portrays him as a tragic hero. Willy Loman continued to want his recognition and his reputation but never forgets about his family. These characteristics describe him as a tragic hero in Death of a Salesman. Willy Loman’s tragic flow leads him to purse the idea that reputation in society has more relevancies in life than knowledge and education to survive in the business. His grand error of wanting recognition drove him crazy and insane and lead toRead MoreEssay on Can Willy Loman Be Considered A Tragic Hero?1632 Words   |  7 PagesCan Willy Loman Be Considered A Tragic Hero? Whether Willy Loman can be considered a tragic hero has long been debated between critics. Ever since Miller produced the play, people have discussed whether Willy’s status was high enough for his fall to be considered tragic, or whether Willy can be seen as an altogether modern tragic hero, I will be looking at both these views taking into consideration critics views and also adding my own thoughts. Tragedy has its origin in ancient GreeceRead More Willy Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman Essay1519 Words   |  7 PagesWilly Loman as Tragic Hero of Death of a Salesman       Willy Loman, the title character of the play, Death of Salesman, exhibits all the characteristics of a modern tragic hero. This essay will support this thesis by drawing on examples from Medea by Euripedes, Poetics by Aristotle, Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, and Shakespeares Julius Caesar, while comments by Moss, Gordon, and Nourse reinforce the thesis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of Salesman, by Arthur Miller, fits the characteristics of classicRead MoreEssay Death of a Salesman, Tragic Hero. Willy Loman.1503 Words   |  7 PagesTo what extent can Willy Loman be considered a tragic hero according to Aristotle’s rules? Arthur Miller presents his play ‘Death of a Salesman’ in the ancient form of a tragedy. Aristotle has defined his idea of the ‘perfect’ tragedy in his text, ‘Poetics’ (350 BC).Here he suggests that the protagonist must fall from an elevated social standing as a result of a â€Å"fatal flaw† within the character; the fall from the main character creates resolution to the play which is seen as just; finally, Aristotle

Consumerism How It Affects Families Living in Poverty in...

Consumerism: Affecting Families Living in Poverty in the United States Katelynn O’Brien University of Phoenix COM/220 Research Writing May 26th, 2013 Outline I. Introduction of consumerism and brief explanation of its impact to the society II. Consumerism; definition and deep explanation of its impact to the world economies III. Advantages of consumerism A. Economic developments B. Growth and developments of companies C. Production of quality by companies D. Increase in production innovativeness IV. Disadvantages of Consumerism A. Competition increase B. Dishonesty product promotion and advertising methods C. Environmental degradation D. Poverty and dualism V. Effects of consumerism to†¦show more content†¦The majority of the Chinese producers specifically design their products for export purposes due to the presence of higher international demand as compared to the local market. 2. Growth and Development of Companies Consumerism is an important factor that leads to the growth and development of companies in the world economies. The ultimate goal and objective of a business organization is the maximization of profits. Maximum profits are realized from a large market that comprises of buyers ready and willing to buy products and services of the company. Consumerism increases demands for products and services, and thus the presence of a potential large market. Consequently, small companies increase their production capacity in order to meet the demands of customers. In addition, more job opportunities are created to meet the large production capacity in the increased companies. 3. Production of Quality Products Consumerism leads to the production of high quality products. Due to increase in demand, more companies producing goods and services for the same market come up leading to increased competition in the market. Some companies opt to improve the quality of their products in order to achieve a competitive advantage over other competitors (Hill amp; Gaines, 2007). However, the product price does not change much in order to attract customers, which is a benefit to the customers acquiring a high product at an affordable price. 4. Increase inShow MoreRelatedThe Economic And Social Changes During The 1960s Under The Reagan Administration989 Words   |  4 PagesLife in America began to undergo great economic and social changes during the 1980s under the Reagan Administration. During this period of time, stagflation began to distress the US economy, leaving millions of Americans to fall victim to homelessness and poverty. The unemployment rate had reached its highest peak since the Great Depr ession, creating a major crisis for low-income families and other individuals concerning living conditions. The introduction of Reaganism into society primarily focusedRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Must Be Raised Essay1700 Words   |  7 Pagesenough for our living needs. No matter how hard the average worker works, he/she can’t seem to make ends meet. Why is this? It would be logical that these hard working Americans that spend day after day at their job would be thriving; however, in most cases, it is the opposite. Despite the amount of time and effort that goes into a daily job, these workers are making minimum wage and are fighting to survive in the current economic state. It is close to impossible for most families to survive withoutRead MoreEconomic Factors Of Food Deserts1936 Words   |  8 PagesAbstract This paper studies the economic factors of food deserts in America. Determining aspects of food store locations, supply and demand, food pricing, income, and consumer preferences are discussed as some of the economic causes of food deserts. Ten articles are used to support this paper with unique standpoints on this topic. Subjects that these articles examine are consumer demand, healthful food pricing, business opportunity costs, effects of low income, heterogeneity and homogeneity of foodRead MoreGlobalization and Culture Change1865 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿From a sociocultural anthropological perspective, by investigating how globalization affects different parts of the world we can build a better understanding of how global structures affect social and cultural practices. Globalization is the worldwide interdependence of economic and cultural activities through the interchange of worldviews, goods, beliefs, and other aspects of culture (Lalonde slide 22/01/13). To facilitate in terdependence, globalization uses new technology, innovation, tourismRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution2418 Words   |  10 Pagesstill drawn to the urban culture because of the variety in social and economic opportunities. The urban culture has allowed us to observe the interaction among various cultures and the development of the social class through time. We are currently living in an urban culture where the division that separates social classes has faded away because of human dignity. Human dignity, the need to find self-worth and self-respect for us and others has increased dramatically within society, but this new foundRead MoreThe Way Of Wealth By Benjamin Franklin1587 Words   |  7 PagesBenjamin Franklin is considered one of the most realistic and wisest men in the history of America. He is known for his stand on the necessity for the individual to work hard and to be frugal in order to reach success. In the presented essay, â€Å"The Way to Wealth†, he makes mention of various aphorisms and pieces of advice which express his views and opinions about morals, ethics, life, taxes, debts, etc. Among those pieces of advice that he offers his audience, we find the phrase â€Å"employ thy timeRead MoreThe Racial Wealth Gap : An Analysis On A Potential Solution2213 Words   |  9 Pagesout of poverty. So education is a f undamental solution to poverty.† It is almost gratuitous to say that everyone desires a higher education. And why not? It is perhaps the best way to avoid a life of poverty; a life in which one must struggle to meet the basic necessities of life. Unfortunately, not everyone has the opportunity to receive a higher education, especially students living in poverty, who are often forced to live on a day-to-day basis, let alone even think about school. Poverty deprivesRead MoreA Higher Minimum Wage May Help Workers Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pages1968 (Harkin 16). Recently, Senator Tom Harkin introduced the Rebuild America Act to increase federal wage to $9.80 by July 1, 2014 (Hall and Cooper 1). There will be three incremental increases in minimum wage of $0.85 for a total raise of $2.55, including tipped workers (1). The minimum wage increase will affect 3.7 million minimum wage workers directly (Sherk para. 11). Not only will a raise in minimum wage affect minimum wage workers but also a total of a projected 28 million workersRead MoreThe Media s Influence On The Public s Perceptions Of Wealth And Happiness2105 Words   |  9 PagesWith continued saturation of media channels in today’s world, it’s no wonder that our personal ideals are often affected by the portrayals depicted on television. In this paper I will examine how the media, in particular reality television (RTV), often provides a simplistic and stereotypical ideal of wealth and well-being. I intend to demonstrate that the political ideologies reinforced by the images created in reality TV can be damaging and misleading to the public perception, often running counterRead MoreDeforestation Is A Global Issue2163 Words   |  9 Pageswood-related and agriculture-related. (Geist, Lambin, 2001) Specific economic structures- neoliberalism Specific economic structures play a neoliberal role in the underlying causes of deforestation. Poverty and related factors such as lack of income opportunities, joblessness, recourse poverty and low living standards encourage deforestation in ways that often overlooked. It encourages illegal logging and farming for agriculture in the forests, often in the global south. Economic downturn, crisis conditions

Child Care Practitioner

Question: Describe about the following points? 1. Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. 2. Understand what is required for competence in own work role. Answer: Introduction: A practitioner of child care provides a comfortable and safe environment for a temporary period in order to engage young children and teach them discipline, personal hygiene and general social skills. In formal surroundings, they provide a structural atmosphere which includes artistic expression, group games and solitary play. 1. Duties and responsibilities of work role: According the type of facility of the worker, the daily responsibilities differ. Those who work in the residence of their clients are known as nannies (Heren and McMillan, 2011). They are responsible to take care personally for the children or the child. Their responsibilities includes bathe, clothe and feeding the children as well as they also conducts outings, manage their play dates and help them in learning their lessons. Practitioner who controls a service at their own residence necessarily keeps a stimulating clean and safe environment. To help in educating personal hygiene and serving healthy snacks also comes under the duties and responsibilities of a care provider. The age category for them differs in their care and accordingly they have to provide activities and materials. The day care practitioners must keep in mind the requirements of each and every child. In care centers for children practitioners supervise sectional children who belong to a certain age group. In this case the practitioner has to design plans and implement for daily activities that will be carried out for the whole day. They also have to manage the outdoor and indoor play, teach them in one on-one basis various skills in order to keep the children engaged (Gestwicki, Bertrand and Gestwicki, 2012). Scouting, field trips and cultural events are also to be conducted by the practitioners. 2. The requirement for competence in work role: The child care practitioner requires certain competencies like, Knowledge: A diploma and degree in child care practice, along with experience in child care. Majority of centers for child care prefers educational qualification like a degree holder in education for child care. People with degrees in psychology and development are also suitable for the role. Presently all positions for child care needs a basic training of safety and CPR (Taylor, 2010). CPR training is the knowledge on first aid and basic medical treatments. Knowledge on administration and management, customer and personal service also adds as extra qualifications. The basic skills required for Child care are the personal skills that one must possess within. Traits like concern for others, dependability cooperation, integrity helps in this field. These are general skills that help to treat a child. One also needs to be flexible for adapting the atmosphere and interacting with different kids belonging to same as well as different age groups. The biggest quality that a practitioner of child care needs to acquire is patience and persistence (Burns, 2013). In this job a practitioner often confronts criticism, in which he or she has to act with patience even during situations of high stress. An open to change attitude helps the practitioner to adapt every situation, in cases of nannies where the practitioner has to go to the clients house, there the person has to be able to adapt the culture and act likely. Conclusion: A practitioner of child care is responsible for the upbringing of a child or a group of children. Childrens are the future of a society, so the basic learning should be strong both ethically and morally. A child learns very easily so it is expected that any kind of misconduct should be avoided in front of them. Reference Burns, C. (2013).Pediatric primary care. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier. Gestwicki, C., Bertrand, J. and Gestwicki, C. (2012).Essentials of early childhood education. Toronto: Nelson Education. Heren, L. and McMillan, S. (2011).Nanny in a book. London: Vermillion. Taylor, C. (2010).A practical guide to caring for children and teenagers with attachment difficulties. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Phases of Opration Research free essay sample

OR models are basically mathematical models representing systems, process or environment in form of equations, relationships or formulae. The activities in this step is to defining interrelationships among variables, formulating equations, using known OR models or searching suitable alternate models. The proposed model may be field tested and modified in order to work under stated environmental constraints. A model may also be modified if the management is not satisfied with the answer that it gives. Step IV.Selection of Data Input It is a established fact that without authentic and appropriate data the results of the OR models cannot be trusted. Hence, taping right kind of data is a vital step In OR process. Important activities in this step are analyzing internal-external data and facts, collecting opinions and using computer data banks. The purpose of this step Is to have sufficient input to operate and test the model. Step V. Solution and Testing In this step the solution of the problems Is obtained with the help of model and data Input. We will write a custom essay sample on Phases of Opration Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Such a solution is not implemented Immediately and this solution Is used to test the model and to find Its Limitations If any. If the solution Is not reasonable or If the model Is not behaving properly, updating and modification of the model Is considered at this stage. The end result of this step Is solution that Is desirable and supports current organizational objectives. Step VI. Implementation of the Solution This Is the last phase of the OR study.In OR the decision-making Is selecting but implementation of decision involves many behavioral issues. Therefore, workers and supervisors to avoid further conflicts. The gap between management and OR scientist may offer some resistance but must be eliminated before solution is accepted in totality. Both the parties should play positive role, since the implementation will help the organization as a whole. A properly implemented solution obtained through OR techniques results in improved working conditions and wins management support.

AP

AP Reality In John Updike's short story "AP,"  the narrator struggles to be a part of a fantasy world before being abruptly forced back into his reality world. The three girls that enter the store cause the narrator to fantasize of a life other than what he is accustom to. The narrator imagines living their kind of life, which includes wealth and confidence, only to be constantly reminded of his actual life by the people around him. In the end, after quitting his job in an attempt to be a hero, the narrator ends up back in the undesirable life to which he belongs.English: John Updike giving the 2008 Jefferson Lec...He didn't remember if whether or not he rang up one of the woman's items or not. "I stood there with my hand on a box of HiHo crackers trying to remember if I rang it up or not."  He was too busy looking at the girls and noticing each aspect of them. "She was a chunky kid, with a good tan and a sweet broad soft looking can" ¦"  Therefore he rings it up again and th e woman complains to him. Sammy goes on calling her a witch, as if he did nothing wrong. However it is the woman who didn't do anything wrong in this situation. All she was doing was making sure was getting charged the right amount for McLoughlin 2 her purchase. Maybe if he took some responsibility in his job, he wouldn't have this customer complain to...

Tragedy In Hamlet Essays - Shakespearean Tragedies, Free Essays

Tragedy In Hamlet Essays - Shakespearean Tragedies, Free Essays Tragedy In Hamlet The Tragedy of Hamlet Arguably the best piece of writing ever done by William Shakespeare, Hamlet the is the classic example of a tragedy. In all tragedies the hero suffers, and usually dies at the end. Othello stabs himself, Romeo and Juliet commit suicide, Brutis falls on his sword, and like them Hamlet dies by getting cut with a poison tipped sword. But that is not all that is needed to consider a play a tragedy, and sometimes a hero doesn't even need to die. Not every play in which a Hero dies is considered a tragedy. There are more elements needed to label a play one. Probably the most important element is an amount of free will. In every tragedy, the characters must displays some. If every action is controlled by a hero's destiny, then the hero's death can't be avoided, and in a tragedy the sad part is that it could. Hamlet's death could have been avoided many times. Hamlet had many opportunities to kill Claudius, but did not take advantage of them. He also had the option of making his claim public, but instead he chose not too. A tragic hero doesn't need to be good. For example, MacBeth was evil, yet he was a tragic hero, because he had free will. He also had only one flaw, and that was pride. He had many good traits such as bravery, but his one bad trait made him evil. Also a tragic hero doesn't have to die. While in all Shakespearean tragedies, the hero dies, in others he may live but suffer Moral Destruction. In Oedipus Rex, the proud yet morally blind king plucks out his eyes, and has to spend his remaining days as a wandering, sightless beggar, guided at every painful step by his daughter, Antigone. A misconception about tragedies is that nothing good comes out of them, but it is actually the opposite. In Romeo and Juliet, although both die, they end the feud between the Capulets and the Montegues. Also, Romeo and Juliet can be together in heaven. In Hamlet, although Hamlet dies, it is almost for the best. How could he have any pleasure during the rest of his life, with his parents and Ophelia dead. Also, although Hamlet dies, he is able to kill Claudius and get rid of the evil ruling the throne. Every tragic play must have a tragic hero. The tragic hero must possess many good traits, as well as one flaw, which eventually leads to his downfall. A tragic hero must be brave and noble. In Othello, Othello had one fatal flaw, he was too great. Othello was too brave, too noble, and especially too proud to allow himself to be led back to Venice in chains. A tragic hero must not back down from his position. He also has to have free will, in order to stand up for what he believes in. Finally, the audience must have some sympathy for the tragic hero. In MacBeth, although MacBeth commits many murders, one almost feels sorry for him and his fate. Hamlet is the perfect example of the tragic hero. Hamlet has all the good traits needed to be a tragic hero. He is brave and daring. One example of this is that when he went to England, he was taking a big risk. If his plan didn't work, he would have been executed He also is also loyal. His loyalty to his father, was the reason he was so angry at Claudius and his Mother. Another trait was that he was intelligent. He was able to think up the idea of faking insanity, in order to get more information about Claudius. But Hamlet like all other tragic hero's had a flaw. He couldn't get around to doing anything, because he couldn't move on. He was a full grown adult, yet he still attended school in England, because he couldn't move on. Also, it took him a long time to stop grieving about his father, because he didn't want to move past that part of his life. And after he finally did, Hamlet couldn't get around to killing Claudius. He kept pretending he was insane even after he was sure

Counterfeiting and Pricing in China and UK Dissertation - 1

Counterfeiting and Pricing in China and UK - Dissertation Example Counterfeiting a product is a type of cheating the consumers. â€Å"Counterfeiting is such a problem in China that it may drive away some foreign investors that manufacture designer label goods, companies warn. They say that despite efforts by the authorities, they were still losing millions of dollars in revenues because of availability of counterfeit products† (International Management, Phatak, 2006)† (Designer Concern Over Mainland Fakes Threatens Future Investment 2002). Now a day, fashion industry is seen using the counterfeit products on a large scale. More number of designers is using the style and color of the same product which are being designed by the other designers. Girls of young age are attracted towards it, as when different colors emerge of the same design. Such consumers believe that the label name, brand name, and recognizing characteristics of design such as color, logo, outline, and models are very precious. Consumers will have the difficult dilemma whether they use a counterfeit product or an original. Fashion counterfeits may perform as a risk-free test form, make attention between consumers, and create them increase constructive word-of-mouth to other customers. When compared fashionable products to physical appearances, the customers will choose either the counterfeit products or the original one depending on the convenience for shopping, or income as both offer a better appearance irrespective of its product and service quality. "Counterfeiters serve customers who aspire to own luxury goods but who are unable or unwilling to pay for the real thing† ... A greater part of counterfeit commodities bought in the UK are purchased after the importing of those commodities into the country. The majority of clients buys counterfeit products deliberately; while some consumers have been mislead to purchase counterfeits as they supposed were legitimate at the point of sale. 2.3 Mass Production of Counterfeit Products: Products in huge demand can be produced on the basis of the equal or similar features, often enclosed and branded in means to create them indifferent from the existing one. â€Å"The most popular counterfeit market is clothing, followed by shoes, watches, leather goods, and jewelry. Louis Vuitton, Gucci, Burberry, Tiffany, Prada, Hermes, Chanel, Dior, Yves St Laurent, and Cartier are frequently pirated. Knockoffs of fashion brands are usually manufactured in China, South Korea, Taiwan, and South America.† (Ritson 2007). The counterfeit products are then sold through counterpart markets, or even familiarize into the product supply series. Without the expenses of the other similar products, the counterfeits are rated particularly with regard to the competitors. Owing to the viable circumference, in a number of marketplaces in some division of the world, counterfeit goods are faraway more widespread than the previous products. When compared to UK with regard to the counterfeit products, half of the unsafe products come from china. â€Å"Counterfeiting requires advanced and costly production equipment is seen as limiting the number of parties that would engage in infringing activities. For example, the automobiles or products of similar complexity are difficult targets for counterfeiters, even if they can utilize

Photo51 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Photo51 - Essay Example The Watson and Click models showed the backbone of a molecule to be located at the center and the bases diffusing outward. Watson and Crick recognized that if the bases were organized to point inward, then the DNA width can move toward 2.0-nm like illustrated in Photo51 (Fitzgerald-Hayes & Reichsman 22). Rosalind Franklin discovered a specific well-determined X-ray diffraction pattern of a DNA fiber in Photo51. The DNA fiber was utilized to explain the 3.4á ¾ ¹ distance between the 34á ¾ ¹ periodicity of the helix and base pairs. In addition, the photo51 revealed the actual dimensions of DNA diameter and molecule (Anholt & Mackay 51). The photograph assisted Watson and Crick to conclude that the DNA molecules constitutes of two strands. The two strands are double helix that runs in opposite directions. The information was employed to construct a three-dimensional structure of DNA that demonstrated to be accurate (Anholt & Mackay 51). In conclusion, the Photo51 opened a new window in scientific history by discovering the formation of DNA. The dimensions revealed in the photograph assisted in the accurate development of a DNA structure. The information disclosed the composition of the genetic

Kevin Carter's 1993 Pulitzer Prize Winning Photograph Essay

Kevin Carter's 1993 Pulitzer Prize Winning Photograph - Essay Example The 2nd Sudanese Civil War commenced in the 1980's. This was a time of extreme turmoil and poverty in Sudan which was a former British colony. The war which is often believed to have been based on racial and religious conflicts between the warring tribes caused thousands of deaths and the destruction of the agricultural sector of the nation. Poverty was a way of life and famine was the main cause of death for these people. Just like in any war, it is the children that suffer the most from the seemingly never ending strife and turmoil within the country. It was this struggle and suffering that South African photojournalist Kevin Carter managed to capture with his camera lens back in 1993. Those familiar with the goings on of the war in Sudan know that by the time the photograph was taken, 1.3 million people in the Sudan had already died of hunger, disease or violence. Senseless deaths that were caused by the civil war between the Arab and Muslim dominated government in the north of the country and the mostly Christian animist, black rebel in the south. (Taylor, J, 1998) There were quite a number of photojournalists who were on the beat during this war. Most of them took decent and memorable photographs of the war torn country. However, none of them were able to come to par when it came to the lucky shot that Kevin Carter was lucky enough to have witnessed and captured on film the day that he came to visit Sudan in 1993. The story behind this Pulitzer winning photograph is one which shall emotionally tug on the heartstrings of any man. Carter had flown in to Sudan as part of a UN Food Distribution group. He was on the ground for 30 minutes taking various photographs of everything that was going on around him. This photograph of a vulture hovering over an emaciated and almost dead child was a one in a million shot that he managed to capture on film. (Taylor, J, 1998) The New York Times bought the photograph from Carter and published it for the world to see. It struck a cord amongst the people of the world. Most people asking why he had not stopped to help the child. Although the picture was met with mixed reactions, the reality of the photograph is what won it the Pulitzer Prize in Photography for that year. This picture was the embodiment of the struggle that the Sudanese people faced on a daily basis. The child with barely any life in her clawing and crawling her way to the food center at the United Nations camp a mere kilometer away. The child was so near to salvation and yet so far and possible, too late to be helped because vultures are known to only circle around almost dead bodies, waiting for their prey to die so they can rip away the flesh for their own food. The vulture and the child. Both represent the two sectors of starving populations in the country, the people, and the animals struggle for suvival in what literally become a dog eat dog world for them. Both were starving and in need of food. But only one was sure to gain the sustenance it required sooner rather than later. If I didn’t have any background information about this picture, I could never imagine that the vulture is waiting for the child to die so that it can eat it. It was a scary and real thought for those who saw what was going on but the child, weakened by life struggles and barely alive, had no idea as to the fate that was awaiting her if she did not make it to the food camp in time. To this very day nobody knows if the child made it to the camp or if she became a casuality of the war time food chain. Though Carter had won the highest possible accolades for his excellent composition piece, the criticism and controversy that the picture created resulted in his becoming one of the most hated men in the world because he chose to take a picture of a tragedy rather than coming to the aid of the child in the hopes of preventing an even larger tragedy from occuring. Little did everyone know that this particular picture and all of the events that he had covered in South Africa

Brokeback Mountain And The Western

Brokeback Mountain And The Western Brokeback Mountain (Ang Lee, 2005) integrates traditional western motifs and iconography, and follows a common plot structure of the genre, but at the same time overlooks certain aspects and introduces new concepts and motifs, mixing western with melodrama to create a contemporary Western. Brokeback Mountains queerness challenges us to question the usefulness of boundaries and categories, not just between straight and gay masculinities, but mainly between the films genre leanings as both melodrama and western. The western represents American culture, explaining its present in terms of its past and virtually redefining the past to accommodate the present. Thomas Schatz (1981) The westerns various cultural forms indicate the central role that it continues to play in conceptions of national identity. If the western genre represents American culture, as Schatz implies, then can the film Brokeback Mountain be considered a western? On the one hand, if Brokeback Mountain is to be considered a western this would imply that homosexuality has always been part of the narrative and logic of the western. However, to reject the film as a western would also overlook the ways in which it rewords the genre through contemporary political concerns. Brokeback Mountain is made in such a way as to be considered both a revision of and an extension of the western genre. It integrates traditional western motifs and iconography, and follows a common plot structure of the genre, but at the same time overlooks certain aspects and introduces new concepts and motifs, mixing western with melodrama to create a contemporary western. In most films, a true western is set in a particular historical moment approximately between 1836 and the Mexican Revolution in 1913 (Kitses, 1969). Brokeback Mountain is set between 1963 and 1983, which seems to come too late by historical definition. The impression given by the film, however, is of an American setting that represents a continuum with the old ways of western life. This western life, though drastically altered by twentieth-century capitalism is seemingly unchanged by twentieth-century ideology. Although Brokeback Mountain is not set in the distant past, it clearly conjures up the mythology of the West; the lonesome cowboy figure: the cowboy attire; the solitary lifestyle; the restriction of the homestead on mens freedom; working with animals; rodeo culture; the power of the wilderness; and melancholy produced through country music. Since Brokeback Mountain begins in 1963, it might not represent the west as an epic moment and Ennis and Jack might not be considered rea l cowboys but it portrays a west that exists through the ideologies and practices of specific American regions associated with western mythology. Set between Wyoming and Texas, Brokeback Mountain still presents the West as a mythic, imagined fantasy, a concept of a way of life that remains intact with the west of the past. Brokeback Mountain presents the contrasting relationship between wilderness and civilisation through its aesthetic conflict between freedom and restriction, namely between the mountain and the town. The film characterises the western through its structuring of life in the wilderness, symbolised through Ennis and Jacks freedom to express their love there. In contrast there is the reality of rural town life with their respective wives and children, which forces them to conform to a failed normal life. As Gary Needham states, Brokeback Mountain claims the landscape and the frontier for its symbolic meaning to express freedom and the cowboys affiliation and closeness to nature, the land, and of course to the other cowboys who might be out there too. The wilderness is fabricated by the title Brokeback Mountain. Created by Annie Proulx, it not only represents isolation and secrecy, but also empowerment. The mountain symbolises the only place where Jack and Ennis are able to express themsel ves unrestricted and free from fear, shame or paranoia. The place comes to symbolise a temporary escape from the closet, an almost-freedom, and this is shown through the landscape in the film. The landscape is juxtaposed against the bleak suffocating small town. Masculinity and the western landscape are the two most symbolic elements in the western because of their power to be translated into epic mythologies and concepts of freedom. The traditional western is, more than anything else, about the conflict between civilization and savagery on the frontier. In the genre, the western man has a duty to uphold justice and honour all that is good in civilisation. He is characterised as brave, honourable, rugged and a loner. Tompkins (2004) argues that the west functions as a symbol of freedom, and the opportunity for conquest. It seems to offer escape from the conditions of life in modern industrial society; from mechanized existence, economic dead end, social entanglements, unhappy personal relations, political injustice. The desire to change place also signals a powerful need for self-transformation. With his tall masculine frame, quiet reserve and deep voice, Ennis looks and sounds like the typical western hero traditionally seen in the genre. E nnis is forced to deal with the pull of the wilderness while at the same time remaining true to civilisation by quitting his job to attend his daughters wedding rather than quitting to see his unorthodox lover Jack. In Brokeback Mountain, every main character suffers because of the masculine western myth, with Ennis suffering the most. The antihero Jack meets his antihero end at the hands of the unsympathetic civilisation which cannot accept his true identity. But the hero (Ennis), the frontier cowboy who stays close to the land but resists natures temptations, and who attempts to do right by his daughters has a more painful fate. He is left ultimately alone in his trailer forever knowing that what might have been can never be. And this is all because he is the man of the west, the lonely hero forever doomed to tread alone. The most obvious change introduced to the western genre in Brokeback Mountain is the issue of homosexuality. The lead characters Ennis and Jack share a homosexual love interest, a concept very rarely explored in western texts. Chris Packard (2006) states, If there is something national about the cowboy, and if there is something homoerotic about the partnerships he forms in the wilderness, then there is something homoerotic about American national identity as the literary West conceives it. Because of this, homosexuality is not an issue that is readily explored in western literature or cinema, especially within the western genre. The romantic interest in the traditional western is the femme fatale, desired for her feminine charm and allure. Brokeback Mountain twists this concept by placing another male (Jack) as the heros love interest. However, in doing so, Jack merely takes the place of the femme fatale and is therefore attached with the same ideologies of femininity. It is Jack wh o seduces Ennis, tempting Ennis when he calls him into the tent. So while exploring the relationship between the two men, Brokeback Mountain aims to put a twist on the traditional western, but ultimately adheres to the motif of the femme fatale. Although many of the motifs and structures used in Brokeback Mountain follow the western genre, the ultimate powerlessness and emotional involvement produced in the film fall into the melodrama genre. The power of melodrama to create intense feelings is contrasted with the serious genre of the western in which masculine identity is of greater importance than any romantic connection. The film creates overly emotional responses and attachments through portrayal of tears, separation and loss, thus removing all seriousness, reason and propriety. our experiential investment in the narrative of Jack and Ennis relationship is primarily emotional; for Needham, then, Brokeback Mountain mobilises melodrama as a tactical way of provoking feeling and sentiment that are politically efficacious. It exhibits an excess of confusion, suffering and restlessness and it expands on two key motifs of melodrama in order to express and to some extent work through this excess. By utilising a version of the maximised type David Lusted has argued, the Western emerged in the earliest days of Hollywood as a generic form of melodrama, dependent on the melodrama stage for its dominant narratives, themes and performance styles (Lusted, 1992: 13). [1] These melodramatic themes, Lusted suggests, include love sacrificed and reunited; suffering, misunderstanding and reconciliation; victimhood, emotionalism and pathos (Lusted, 1992: 17ff). The films melodramatic mode and form are constructed through narrative situations of separation and loss. Suffering and failure, and helplessness and pathos. Brokeback Mountain is places as a melodrama to narrate to great affect the ongoing problems of the closet and homophobia. Brokeback Mountain uses several structures which fall under the melodrama genre. These include and expressive use of music to produce heightened emotion; discrepancies in point of view and the timing of narrative events that are mobilised to induce tears. It is Brokeback Mountains melodramatic form that allows it to express a history of unjury, backward feeling and affectivity thought the conventions of melodrama that work so well in dealing with themes of secrecy, passivity, paranoia, shame and temporal irreversibility. though many western films traditionally use long shots, Brokeback Mountain makes use of close-up shots to key the audience into the main characters relationship. This heightens the sense of intimacy between the two characters. Nearly all of the love scenes between Jack and Ennis are close-ups, bringing the audience into their relationship. The Western genre is ultimately one which incorporates other genres, including romance, war, melodrama and action. As Kitses (1969) puts it, Experiment seems always to have been varied and development dynamic, the pendulum swinging back and forth between opposing poles of emphasis on drama and history, plots and spectacle, romance and realism, seriousness and comedy. Brokeback Mountain utilises this flexibility to successfully introduce new ideas into its plot, while still retaining traditional structures of the Western. Not only does the film follow the genre specific framework and incorporate classical Western motifs (cowboy costumes, alcohol, and a landscape which represents paradise), it also builds on the theme, creating a new and contemporary version of the genre and demonstrates the detrimental impact to identity brought about by social ideologies of what is normal. Brokeback Mountains queerness challenges us to question the usefulness of boundaries and categories, not just between straight and gay masculinities, but mainly between the films genre leanings as both melodrama and Western.

The American Banking System from 1800-1810 Essay -- Banks Finances Mon

The American Banking System from 1800-1810 Looking back to the outset of the 19th century, it is impossible to say that any real banking system had really been developed in the US. This is to say that, though there were roughly 120 private commercial banks that had been chartered by new state governments, the so-called system was scarcely organized. It was ad hoc in nature and directly linked to the merchant banking practices of the pre-independence period. The years preceding the turn of the century were important because they brought a central banking authority onto the scene. In 1789 the new federal government established a position for the Secretary of the Treasury. As we know, the first to hold this prestigious title was Alexander Hamilton. He accomplished a great deal in the 11 years leading up to the year 1800. Most notably his actions were largely responsible for the creation of the First Bank of the United States, which was given a charter in 1791. This thrust towards central banking was only to last 20 years, howeve r. Up for review in 1811, the bank’s charter was not renewed. This paper will argue that the failure to renew the First Bank of the United State’s charter was a direct result of the strong ideological differences between state centered and federalist politics. Many were very skeptical about a strong centralized banking system, while others believed that the only way to create unity in the country was through a highly focused central banking system. Despite the relative efficiency of the First Bank of the United States, and despite the fact that it is widely considered to be a success by economic historians, the general suspicion of banking led to its demise. In other words, this paper will argue that the 1800-1810 period was one of exhaustive tension between centralists and de-centralists. This had important and lasting effects on the banking system, the most obvious being that, in the following century, state banks proliferated to the point where they were chartered with abandon. As John K. Galbraith noted, â€Å"every location large e nough to have a church, a tavern, or a blacksmith shop was deemed a suitable place for setting up a bank. These banks issued notes, and other, more surprising enterprises, imitating the banks, did likewise. Even barbers and bartenders competed with banks in this respect† (Flaherty, 1997: http://odur.let... ...institution, and based on the bitter conflicts between Madison and Hamilton over state vs. federal power, the bank itself became politicized. As state-led forces increased their popularity, it is wholly unsurprising that the First Bank of the US was one of the first things to go. References DeCarolis, Lisa Marie. The Precipice of Power (accessed 12-12-99) Del Mar, Alexander. â€Å"History Of Monetary Systems: Chapter XVII: Bank Suspension Since The Era Of Private Coinage† History of the World, 01-01-1992 Foner, Eric., Garraty, John A (eds) â€Å"Banking† The Reader’s Companion to American History, Houghton Mifflin: New York, 1991., pg. 191 Flaherty, Edward. 1997. A Brief History of Banking in the United States (accessed 12-12-99) â€Å"James Madison Debates the Constitutionality of a National Bank† (accessed 12-12-99)

Life Story

It has also been described as a process to create and provide access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance, or both. An example is a complete online degree program organized by an institution where sstudents take their classes, assignments, quizzes and exams online and at the end, are given their certificates for participation. Another example is when the teachers pass information to their sstudents using a form of live feed (audio/3D) whereas the teacher is at home or somewhere else but is broadcasting lecture to sstudents at his/her own comfort.Another good example is an online system where the sstudents can go back to after classes and check for class notes, take assignments, have one-on-one chat with their lecturers, and get better understanding on topics that were taught in class and not understood. This project would focus on the latter example. Scope This project would focus on two (2) Departments in Babcock University w hich has been chosen as a case study in order to give a very accurate, efficient, and detailed project.The reason for choosing two (2) departments only is to avoid a wide project which would require more energy, resources and a lot of time. The chosen departments are: * Computer Science Computer Science Computer Information Systems Computer Technology * Agricultural Science This project will help build an interface where sstudents of the chosen departments can refer to after class to gain better understanding of certain courses learnt and also talk one on one with their respective lecturers. Statement of ProblemThe major reason for the creation of this project are sstudents with slow assimilation, this interface would help with materials with which they can use to get better understanding after physical classes. It will also serve as an interface for shy sstudents to ask their respective lecturers questions using the chat application. Also, sstudents sometimes need a place to refer to for study materials to prepare for exams, tests, or can even be used to pass information to sstudents in a particular class.While researching ssimilar applications, some examples showed that the implementation allowed for only sstudents to register. This way some questions asked by the sstudents are still not answered because of poor or no interaction at all. Some questions are best answered than read, after implementation, this project would help solve this and provide the sstudents with the necessary attention of their lecturers. ObjectivesThe objectives of this project which is to design and implement a web based distance application for increased learning is: * To basically solve sstudents learning problems, in terms of comfort, efficiency and understanding * To bridge the gap between sstudents and lecturers using a form of chat system * To enable sstudents view educational resources such as notes, textbooks, past questions to increase their basic understanding of courses off ered at different levels Audience In this case the audience would be the sstudents, lecturers of the particular departments chosen.Also visitors can visit the homepage, have a short tour and read on the about us. ANALYSIS Methods of Information Gathering One on one interview would be conducted with the people involved. Ssimilar applications will be checked out, in order to pick up past mistakes, ways to correct this would be researched and also ways to add some important features that might have been left out. Also the selected departments would be checked out thoroughly to know the lecturers under them, what each lecturer teaches, and also know how the departments operate for accurate presentations. Life Story Doing an interview with my brother was really a new and unusual experience for the both of us, especially because the purpose of the interview was to ask him about something that is personal and is deemed to be a sensitive topic – that is about his condition and experiences having muscular dystrophy. Everything that I learned from this interview took me by surprise because the stories that he told me were about the other side of him that I did not knew. It was astonishing to learn that after my thoughts of how I know him so well because he is my brother, there are still a lot of things that I do not know about him. This interview has definitely introduced me to a new person in my brother. Going through an interview with someone who you have a personal and intimate relationship with is more nerve wracking than actually interviewing someone that you totally do not know. Perhaps I felt afraid of what might transpire during the interview because knowing that we have a close relationship as family, I was afraid that I might discover something moving or emotional that would affect how I go about with the interview. Whereas interviewing someone who is a total stranger would not leave profound impressions on me because we are not related personally to begin with. Although I have seen most of him in my life, have seen, and understood the conditions of people with muscular dystrophy, this interview re-acquainted me to the worldviews and personal experiences of those who are experiencing that condition. I gained a lot of personal insight that made me acquire a deeper and clearer understanding of how it is to have limitations outside our family circle and of course, I get to catch up on how my brother is doing at present and how he handles his life despite his shortcomings. I would say it was a therapeutic experience for the both of us because somehow after that interview, he felt good having to share all his thoughts and feelings to someone who he can trust and depend on. In addition, for me I felt as if something good and special came out of it – within my self as a person and between the both of us and our relationship as family. From the first question alone, I was really dazed that he was willing to open up like that with regards to his diagnosis and learning from the doctors that he would not be able to live to see his twentieth year. His courage and strength really shows up by how he handles and is still handling his condition. My brother was open to the entire experience. It was not difficult to convince him to go through with a personal interview with me. He actually enjoyed it because he knew he was helping me out and he really liked the idea of reflecting on past events and experiences that he had in his life. What got me the most was that growing up for him was a struggle. Imagine having to experience the fact that most children his age were doing all the things that they wanted and succeeding in them, and he felt like he was stuck in a rut and he had no other choice but to deal with his disabilities. He handled his situation really well because at a young age, he was able to defeat his worries and fears and still made great efforts to do what most children do. He never gave up, and for me it takes great effort because not all people can do what he did. Some people dwell in their misery that hinders them to accomplish success even with limitations in their life. He prides me with joy knowing that he is not that kind of person. This interview proves how strong a person he is because he let down his guard, opened himself up, and accepted this interview and me doing the interview with positivity. The interview has greatly changed our relationship as siblings. First, we know we have gotten closer because now I feel like I have evaded the person in him that I did not know all these years. From his experiences of being left out in high school, not having any friends at all, no being able to do what others can do, seeing people you know die of the same condition, etc. and still have the confidence say to me that there are a lot of things to do and that he wanted to live his life to the fullest makes me look at myself and rethink what my problems are and what my mindset was. From what he said, I know there are a lot more problems in this world, including his that requires more time and attention. Knowing that there are a thousand more people out there with the same condition make me think that there is more to life than all the superficial things in this world. Most people who do not have any disabilities whatsoever complain a lot about several things about their life. What they do not realize is that there are a lot people who were unlucky enough to have limitations and boundaries in their lives, and that includes my brother. If we as normal people complain about our lives and not having to succeed in situations where we want to accomplish many tasks, I guess we should think about those who unwillingly have disabilities, such as muscular dystrophy. Aside from the fact that we have grown closer with every question that I asked him during the interview, I was also inspired and my compassionate side sparked off like a matchstick. By knowing how he dealt with his difficult past I have grown to know him more. Everything that he said I took note off and from them I draw my inspiration in reinventing my life now. Life Story It has also been described as a process to create and provide access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance, or both. An example is a complete online degree program organized by an institution where sstudents take their classes, assignments, quizzes and exams online and at the end, are given their certificates for participation. Another example is when the teachers pass information to their sstudents using a form of live feed (audio/3D) whereas the teacher is at home or somewhere else but is broadcasting lecture to sstudents at his/her own comfort.Another good example is an online system where the sstudents can go back to after classes and check for class notes, take assignments, have one-on-one chat with their lecturers, and get better understanding on topics that were taught in class and not understood. This project would focus on the latter example. Scope This project would focus on two (2) Departments in Babcock University w hich has been chosen as a case study in order to give a very accurate, efficient, and detailed project.The reason for choosing two (2) departments only is to avoid a wide project which would require more energy, resources and a lot of time. The chosen departments are: * Computer Science Computer Science Computer Information Systems Computer Technology * Agricultural Science This project will help build an interface where sstudents of the chosen departments can refer to after class to gain better understanding of certain courses learnt and also talk one on one with their respective lecturers. Statement of ProblemThe major reason for the creation of this project are sstudents with slow assimilation, this interface would help with materials with which they can use to get better understanding after physical classes. It will also serve as an interface for shy sstudents to ask their respective lecturers questions using the chat application. Also, sstudents sometimes need a place to refer to for study materials to prepare for exams, tests, or can even be used to pass information to sstudents in a particular class.While researching ssimilar applications, some examples showed that the implementation allowed for only sstudents to register. This way some questions asked by the sstudents are still not answered because of poor or no interaction at all. Some questions are best answered than read, after implementation, this project would help solve this and provide the sstudents with the necessary attention of their lecturers. ObjectivesThe objectives of this project which is to design and implement a web based distance application for increased learning is: * To basically solve sstudents learning problems, in terms of comfort, efficiency and understanding * To bridge the gap between sstudents and lecturers using a form of chat system * To enable sstudents view educational resources such as notes, textbooks, past questions to increase their basic understanding of courses off ered at different levels Audience In this case the audience would be the sstudents, lecturers of the particular departments chosen.Also visitors can visit the homepage, have a short tour and read on the about us. ANALYSIS Methods of Information Gathering One on one interview would be conducted with the people involved. Ssimilar applications will be checked out, in order to pick up past mistakes, ways to correct this would be researched and also ways to add some important features that might have been left out. Also the selected departments would be checked out thoroughly to know the lecturers under them, what each lecturer teaches, and also know how the departments operate for accurate presentations.

Free Essays on Sam Clemens

â€Å"Mark Twain† sounded and in one of his first books, ‘Life on the Mississippi’ about his four years piloting the Spread Eagle along the twisting river, he decided to use the name Mark Twain. Mark Twain stopped piloting the riverboat in 1861, at the start of the Civil War, to join the Union. He went to war for two weeks and left immediately after being involved in the shooting of a innocent person. He said he knew retreating better than it’s inventor did. He soon decided to travel 1,700 miles from the Missouri Territory , to the Nevada Territory. He passed through Overland City, Horseshoe City, and many other cities,large and small, in between. Clemens commented that Salt Lake City was healthy. He said that the city had one doctor who was arrested once a week for lack of work. Virginia City was very lively from all of the gold and silver found right by it. He commented that the saloons, courts and prisons were busy and there was a whiskey mill every fifteen steps. Inspired by the vein of silver as wide as a New York City street under Virginia City, Twai... Free Essays on Sam Clemens Free Essays on Sam Clemens Samuel Clemens Samuel Clemens was born and grew up in Hannibal, Missouri. This was the home of his later characters Tom Sawer and Huck Finn. In his books he incorporated features that really existed in Hannibal. Features like Holidays Hill, Bear Creek and Lover’s Leap were incorporated into his storys. Clemens described the residents of Hannibal as content with the lives they led in their small town. In his late teens, Clemens left Hannibal on a riverboat to become a printer in St. Louis. He moved up in the ranks of printing and moved to New York and eventually to Washington D.C. Clemens remembered how much fun he had had on the riverboat and how glorious it must have been to be a pilot. He soon decided to move to New Orleans to become a pilot. On the boat, he often heard things like ‘Mark the twain, two fathoms deep’. He liked how the words â€Å"Mark Twain† sounded and in one of his first books, ‘Life on the Mississippi’ about his four years piloting the Spread Eagle along the twisting river, he decided to use the name Mark Twain. Mark Twain stopped piloting the riverboat in 1861, at the start of the Civil War, to join the Union. He went to war for two weeks and left immediately after being involved in the shooting of a innocent person. He said he knew retreating better than it’s inventor did. He soon decided to travel 1,700 miles from the Missouri Territory , to the Nevada Territory. He passed through Overland City, Horseshoe City, and many other cities,large and small, in between. Clemens commented that Salt Lake City was healthy. He said that the city had one doctor who was arrested once a week for lack of work. Virginia City was very lively from all of the gold and silver found right by it. He commented that the saloons, courts and prisons were busy and there was a whiskey mill every fifteen steps. Inspired by the vein of silver as wide as a New York City street under Virginia City, Twai...

Chapter 9 Meeting Technology Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Chapter 9 Meeting Technology Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Chapter 9 Meeting Technology The introduction to technology can have impacts on the meetings, convention, and expositions industry. In this information age, technology becomes an indispensable part of our lives and it is very valuable and important to the meetings, convention, and expositions industry. Technology such as overhead projectors, telecommunications and computerized meetings can enhance meeting presentations and it can further affect meetings which is in the planning stages as the meeting planners can discover the invaluable capabilities of the technology advances and building relationship with the attendees with the availability of technology. The types of technology available to the meetings, conventions, and expositions industry includes visual presentation and projection media such as overhead and slide projectors and non-projection media and they can enhance the impression and retention if audience can see and hear the information. Technologies would be electronic writing boards, teleconferencing and closed- circuit television. Also, people will use video recordings in the meetings, conventions, and expositions The major disadvantages of technology is the cost, yet using technology in this industry is the key to success. Using independent audiovisual supplier for company to provide services needed for the meetings, conventions, and expositions by themselves is popular nowadays.The use of LCD panel, videoconferencing and three-dimensional imagery is also a popular technology now. Moreover, technology makes the work of meeting planning more easily and convenient and also saves the time for planning. Also, the promotional videotapes, fax machines and E-mail is very useful for successful planning. For how the technology can help the meeting attendee, the business center which is most likely for business travelers, telecommunication technology and computerized check-in and check-out contributed a lot for making meetings more successful.Thus, the introduction of technologies into the meetings, conventions, and expositions industry can enhance and enrich this industry and hence all areas in this industry can be impacted by the technologies used as it can provide outstanding services and further affect the future development of the meetings, conventions, and expositions industry. Chapter 10: changes affecting the meetings and conventions industryThere are three factors that affect the attendees to join a meeting, convention or exposition or not. The first factor is information and understanding about the payback for their time and money Second, is their expectation of how the meeting will enable them to grow personally or to allow them to indulge themselves and spend on quality activities or to allow them to do serious business. The last factor is the consideration of the area of service. Yet, the main reason for people to meet is to educate themselves and for building network. Since being a city for holding meeting, convention or exposition can generate huge amount of revenue, so big cities as well as the small cities want people to hold meeting in their cities. Also, they will invest in services and products to enhance their images. Spending money to have investment on expanding the current facilities, public transportation and airport access or develop the new one to equip themselves better and make travelers move conveniently. Also, promoting local tourist attractions can make the city more attractive for group business. On the other hand, the advantage of small cities is that they are cheaper than the big city to hold meetings and to do business in. Moreover, education is an indispensable part of the meeting, convention or exposition industry and the role of education continues to become a dominator in this industry into the next millennium. And educating the people to have professional mindsets and professionalism behavior is important to attend success in this industry as well as developing future leaders. The enhancement of technology, training and other skills needed to be a major strategy for the professional and trade association in the future. In order to enhance the competitiveness of the organization, it is important to have an international visions and missions in this globalized industry. Finally, we need to discuss about the logistic of planning an international meeting. We need to have a local host or host organization for handling the details of the event with a good communication and contact the tourism board about it. Also the registration of the event is needed and we should think of the security issues to enable

Case Study for Internet and E-Business Assignment

Case Study for Internet and E-Business - Assignment Example From the research it can be comprehended that the present e-Business environment has been catalyzed by the growth of the ecommerce concept since the early part of this century. The term â€Å"E-Business† essentially means the process of executing business operations as well as key business processes for any organization using the electronic medium or more effectively the internet media. Various organizations around the globe have essentially spent a considerable portion of their finances for the purpose of integration of technology in their key businesses processes through the usage of various advanced level business software suites. The favorable e-commerce environment has significantly contributed to the growth of various e-businesses like Amazon, eBay, Flipkart etc. in the last 10 years and thereby has contributed to the growth of various models of e-Business ranging from B2B, B2C, C2B and even C2C. The B2C (Business to Consumer) model is the business model where organizati ons are the sellers or providers of services and the individual consumers are the buyers. The alignment of this business model with the internet has helped the companies to cater to consumers all around the globe. Since Oxenford Business College is increasingly trying to compete with other business colleges in terms of providing distance as well as online courses, hence, this model can help the college to generate large revenue by connecting to a global community of students. The B2B (Business to Business) model of business increasingly represents the process of conducting businesses between various large organizations, which are increasingly playing the roles of both the buyer and the seller as well. Oxenford Business College can simply take the benefits provided by this business model by the process of rendering online classes to a group of employees of an organization. 3.2 Model analysis with respect to revenue generation Talking in lines of revenue generation, it can be said tha t many large business organizations around the world implement the online version of the B2B and B2C business model through the application of intranets as well as extranets. This integration of technology in their business processes helps them to communicate and execute key business processes with their subsidiaries and consumers on a real time scenario. For the case of Oxenford Business College, it can be said that the online B2C model provides a huge prospect in terms of revenue generation. Through the rendering of online classes and course content, the college can provide educational services to global students. The college can provide the online services through a secured server and students all over the globe can simply access it by paying for the

REFLECTION ON INTERNATIONAL MARKETING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

REFLECTION ON INTERNATIONAL MARKETING - Essay Example Additionally, international markets are characterised by a wide range of market forces that may limit the success of particular products that do not conform to the market forces. Some of the pertinent issues that may affect the success of a product in the market includes the skin colour of the people, their cultural aspects, and even their general attitude towards specific products. For instance, in Asia, the idea of a bright skin colour is a sensitive issue that influences the sale of beauty products. As such, organizations that consider entering the international market should be prepared to conform to these market forces to avoid the risk of opposition from their potential customers. Unilever is one of the organizations that have faced a market resistance from their sale of skin whitening products in Asia. International marketing strategy demands that an organization conforms to the ethical aspects of the new market to avoid igniting moods and emotions that may affect their operat ions. In the Asian market, there has been an upsurge of the demand of beauty products, a trend that has attracted many beauty product organizations to venture into this market. McDougall (2013, Para. 2) pointed out that Asia contributes to a large extent to the expanding beauty market that is expected to hit $19.8 billion by the year 2013. In Asia particularly, the market for beauty products has expanded due to the great desire of citizens to lighten their skin as a way of conforming to the notion that dominates in this environment that the bright skin is a symbol for superiority while darker skin symbolizes a suppressed person in the society. In China, India, Japan and Thailand, the people have learnt to associate light skin with beauty, youthfulness and success. Additionally, the demand has heightened due to the change of use of these skin lightening chemicals. Traditionally, these products were used for facial care yet currently the products are used for whole body care. Resultan tly, the market is expected to grow rapidly for at least five years in the near future. Consequently, multinational organizations, such as Unilever, have identified this as a potential market for sale of beauty products. However, the organizations seem to have undermined the concept of consumer behaviour that Samli (2013, P. 2) regards as a giant market force in the 12st century business environment. Skin colour has been a controversial issue in the Asian society that has sparked a great debate on the definition of beauty in this market. The nortion that bright people are superior to the white people has lead to a vicious discussion as most activists regard this kind of attitude as an act of discrimination that must be eliminated once and for all in the society. One of the activists against colour discrimination, Nandita, has launched a campaign to declare that â€Å"Dark is beautiful† as a way of fighting this issue that has generated mixed emotions in this country (Daily Ne ws, 2013, Para. 1). Being a popular actress, Nandita has garnered a lot of public interest among the black people who have shown their support of the campaign to fight against colour and racial discrimination. This campaign is similar to the campaign in Senegal that declares that â€Å"Don’t Bleach, black is beautiful† to assert the public that beauty is beyond the skin colour. From this point of view, skin colour is a matter that is likely to influence the consumer behaviour in the Asian market and taking precaution is the only way to

Human Resource of Google Inc Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Human Resource of Google Inc - Research Paper Example Google Inc. is a technology company focused on improving the way people connect with information. Google Inc. was founded in 1998 by two students from Stanford University, Larry Page, and Sergey Brin. They turned Google Inc. into a global technology leader, overruling its international competitors in providing search engines like Yahoo, Gmail, Baidu, and Microsoft. The Organization mission is, â€Å"To organize the world`s information and make it universally accessible and useful†. Several goals have been setup to help in the company`s growth; the company plans to advance infrastructure so as to make their engineers more productive, to be the best search company in the world, to make sure that their tools are running everywhere and to focus on innovation. The company`s culture is entirely made by the people in it. They focus on hiring smart, determined people with experience. However, googlers share acceptable goals and mission for the organization and speak multiple languages, this reflects the kind of audience they serve. The organization strives to maintain an open-culture, but there are establishments associated with this culture, in which everyone is a contributor and there is freedom of opinion, and idea sharing. Researchers have the liberty to directly ask the founders, Larry &Sergey, questions about any company issues. The offices are setup to encourage interaction among the googlers and others. Google`s plan for the environment is to invest in a clean energy corporation, which uses kites to trap wind power., and they plan to invest largely on renewable sources that generate more electricity. Google Inc. operates enormous data centers around the world that uses a great deal of power, their primary concern is to search data fast, which means a lot of energy burns. Google infrastructure sends data from data that answers fast, nevertheless the system minimizes delays that raise energy consumption. If a Google employee dies his/her spouse gets half of his/her salaries for the next 10 years, new policies have been introduced to cater for widowers of Google employees. No administration is required to receive this benefit, and everyone is eligible to receive these benefits, regardless of how long they have worked in Google. Other than the half salary, the spouse receives stock benefits and the children receive $1,000 per month until they turn 19(Love, Business Insider, 2012). These benefits also apply to same sex couples. These benefits show that the Human Resource is concerned, not only about its employee, but also about the employees’ family. Expectant mothers and husbands also have benefits like: 18weeks maternity leave and 6 weeks paternity

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay Example for Free

Explain the Different Layers of Osi Reference Model Essay 1)Physical Layer: The physical layer is at the bottom of this model. It deals with crude data that is in the form of electrical signals. The data bits are sent as 0s and 1s. 0s correspond to low voltage signals and 1s correspond to high voltage signals. The mechanical aspects of communication, such as wires or connectors come under this layer. The physical layer also deals with how these wires, connectors, and voltage electrical signals work. Also, the process that is required for these physical aspects are taken into account in this layer itself. 2)The Data Link Layer: The transmission of the data over the communication medium is the responsibility of this layer. The 0s and 1s that are used in the communication are grouped into logical encapsulation. This encapsulation is called frames. The data is transported in frames. The responsibility of these frames is that of the data link layer. 3) Network Layer: All over the world, there are many different types of Ethernet. These networks are connected to each other through various media. When a data packet wants to reach a particular destination, it has to traverse through these networks. Essentially, there are a lot of operations that are taking place between the connected networks. Also, the packet data which is traversing has to choose an optimum route, and the addressing of these packets has to be proper. The various operations between the networks, packet data issues, addressing and routing, are handled by this network layer. 4)Transport Layer: The transport layer ensures quality and reliability of the communication. The data packet switching is entirely handled by the transport layer. There are basically two types of packet switching. They are connectionless packet switching and connection oriented packet switching. In connectionless packet switching, the packet data is allowed to choose the route in which it is going to reach the destination. Obviously, the packet in itself cant do this. Physical devices like routers are mainly responsible for the behavior of packets, but the packets formed from the same datum can reach their destination in different ways. Whereas, in connection oriented packet switching, once the route is decided, then all the packets have to follow the same route. An example of connectionless packet switching is text messages in mobile phones, and the example of connection oriented switching is a direct voice call. 5)The Sessions Layer: The session’s layer is mainly responsible for creating, maintaining and destroying the communication link. PDU (Protocol Data Unit), in which various protocols are defined that have to be followed during communication, are the responsibility of the sessions layer. The applications that use RPCs (remote procedure calls) are taken care of by the sessions layer. 6)Presentation Layer: There are various techniques of data compression which are used to send and receive the optimized data. For example, if certain data is repeating itself a number of times, then it is logical to send the data only once, and specify the number of times it is repeated. This bundling of the repeated data is one of the techniques of compressions. The compression and decompression of the data is handled by the presentation layer. Also, encryption and decryption techniques used to thwart malicious attacks on data are handled by the presentation layer. 7)Application Layer: This layer comes into picture when there is a process to process communication. Whenever a user invokes any application, all the associated processes are run. Many times, when an application wants to communicate with another application, then there has to be communication between these associated processes. The application layer is responsible for this inter-process communication.

Product Layouts and Group Technologies Essay -- Operations Management

Product Layouts and Group Technologies In today’s world of operations management, layouts of manufacturing processes play a key role in achieving and maintaining long term goals. These layouts need to be well thought out and carefully planned for they can effect the cost or producing goods and delivering services for many years into the future. Layouts are dependent on the technology utilized and product type manufactured. There are four typical layouts: process layout, product layout, fixed position layout and combination layout. A combination layout is a layout that shares properties of two or more layouts. Such as a group technology layout that shares characteristics of a process layout and a product layout. They’re similar in that the cells are designed to perform a specific set of processes, and it is similar to product layout in that the cells are dedicated to a limited range of products. Each layout usually involves compromise and balancing of the process variables and it’s always debatable whether the perfect layout actually exists. â€Å"The purpose of layout planning is: to maximize the efficiency and profitability of a manufacturing operation to allow consistency and quality in products to be produced to allow flexibility and ease of adaptation for machinery and production personnel to products as required by the market†(Anonymous 2). Some characteristics of a good layout would be minimum material movement, workstations close together, easily adjustable to changing conditions and one plant floor so that everyone can see what’s going on. To define and explain, a product layout is a product-orientated layout that is appropriate for producing one standardized product in typically large volumes. Each unit being produced requires the same sequence of operations from beginning till end. During times when product demand is high enough and sustainable over a long period of time, it is usually cost effective to rearrange resources from a process layout to a product layout. In certain cases the equipment layouts are arranged so that the product in manufactured in a sequential and continuous arrangement. A good example would be an assembly line. Assembly lines can vary widely either they can be virtually 100 percent parts assembly by workers or by a transfer line where all the work being done is by machine. An assembly line is ... ...erformance. For example the decision to adopt a process layout which often groups workers according to skills may not be compatible with an operation requiring some persons of all skills to produce a variety of different products. For process and product layouts, the design begins with a statement of the goals and facility. Preliminary layouts are then designed to meet these goals. After initial designs have been developed, improved designs are sought through numerical analysis and discussion with the users. The development of a layout should involve everyone that it is effecting. Computer based models can be used for preliminary estimations to create some preliminary layouts using CAD or similar drawing software. The layouts then can be analyzed against the goals of the facility and improvement made if necessary. In summary while there are a lot of tools for good layout planning and each layout are dependent on the type of products and external variables impacting on the manufacturing process. A skilled layout planner working with manufacturing staff and management should work through objectives and options to determine the optimal solution for a given facility. Product Layouts and Group Technologies Essay -- Operations Management Product Layouts and Group Technologies In today’s world of operations management, layouts of manufacturing processes play a key role in achieving and maintaining long term goals. These layouts need to be well thought out and carefully planned for they can effect the cost or producing goods and delivering services for many years into the future. Layouts are dependent on the technology utilized and product type manufactured. There are four typical layouts: process layout, product layout, fixed position layout and combination layout. A combination layout is a layout that shares properties of two or more layouts. Such as a group technology layout that shares characteristics of a process layout and a product layout. They’re similar in that the cells are designed to perform a specific set of processes, and it is similar to product layout in that the cells are dedicated to a limited range of products. Each layout usually involves compromise and balancing of the process variables and it’s always debatable whether the perfect layout actually exists. â€Å"The purpose of layout planning is: to maximize the efficiency and profitability of a manufacturing operation to allow consistency and quality in products to be produced to allow flexibility and ease of adaptation for machinery and production personnel to products as required by the market†(Anonymous 2). Some characteristics of a good layout would be minimum material movement, workstations close together, easily adjustable to changing conditions and one plant floor so that everyone can see what’s going on. To define and explain, a product layout is a product-orientated layout that is appropriate for producing one standardized product in typically large volumes. Each unit being produced requires the same sequence of operations from beginning till end. During times when product demand is high enough and sustainable over a long period of time, it is usually cost effective to rearrange resources from a process layout to a product layout. In certain cases the equipment layouts are arranged so that the product in manufactured in a sequential and continuous arrangement. A good example would be an assembly line. Assembly lines can vary widely either they can be virtually 100 percent parts assembly by workers or by a transfer line where all the work being done is by machine. An assembly line is ... ...erformance. For example the decision to adopt a process layout which often groups workers according to skills may not be compatible with an operation requiring some persons of all skills to produce a variety of different products. For process and product layouts, the design begins with a statement of the goals and facility. Preliminary layouts are then designed to meet these goals. After initial designs have been developed, improved designs are sought through numerical analysis and discussion with the users. The development of a layout should involve everyone that it is effecting. Computer based models can be used for preliminary estimations to create some preliminary layouts using CAD or similar drawing software. The layouts then can be analyzed against the goals of the facility and improvement made if necessary. In summary while there are a lot of tools for good layout planning and each layout are dependent on the type of products and external variables impacting on the manufacturing process. A skilled layout planner working with manufacturing staff and management should work through objectives and options to determine the optimal solution for a given facility.

Ben & Jerrys Homemade Ice Cream - Marketing Stratgies :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays

Ben & Jerrys was experiencing a steady growth within their sales figures from 1990 to 1993. However, In March 1994, Cost of Sales increased approximately $9.6 million or 9.5% over the same period in 1993, and the overall gross profit as a percentage of net sales decreased from 28.6% in 1993 to 26.2% in 1994. This loss might have been a result of several reasons, such as high administration and selling costs, a negative impact of inventory management, and start up costs associated with certain flavours of the new Smooth, No Chunks ice cream line. Ben & Jerrys selling, general and administrative expenses increased approximately 28% to $36.3 million in 1994 from $28.3 million in 1993 and increased as a percentage of net sales to 24.4% in 1994 from 20.2% in 1993. This increase might reflect the increase in marketing and selling expenses and the increase in the companys administrative infrastructure. Ben & Jerrys loss was not solely due to their employee orientated approach, but they appeared to have taken out a vast amount of capital lease in their aim to automate their production to keep up with the intense competition. As reflected in the balance sheet, Ben & Jerrys had reinvested huge amounts of property and equipment in 1994 increasing their long-term debts by almost 45% in 1993. Alternatives available to the consumer now, and in the foreseeable future Haagen Dazs is currently the main competitor in the concentrated market place for super premium ice cream. Substitutes are however available. There are other ice creams not in the super premium category. To an extent, these are real competitors. However for the market B&J caters for {the up market 25-40s with a high disposable income} their strategies should not have a great impact on B&J. The frozen yogurt lines which B&J now provides, has a number of direct competitors to deal with. Dealing with other substitutes is not that simple. Expensive (or not) chocolate, cakes, croissants and other post meal consumables are realistic options for the consumer. Ferrara Rocha will assure you that their product is the perfect accompaniment to any meal. B&J need to be wary of this. How he/she makes the choice for ice cream (as opposed to chocolate etc.) and then super premium (as opposed to premium or ordinary) and then B&J (as opposed to Haagen Dazs etc.) is essential. [See section 3.21 Research] The possibility of a rival ceasing B&Js place as no.

Neolithic Art and Architecture Paper Essay

During the â€Å"New† Stone Age, also known as the Neolithic Period, art and life in general began to change drastically for humans. Many new onsets began to bloom, for example humans of this time period had begun to live in single locations versus before they were nomadic hunter-gatherers. This new life introduced new challenges and new opportunities. Within this paper I will discuss three Neolithic Locations, Jericho, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, and Stonehenge. Also, what made each of these sites significant, what new forms of buildings were present at each, and what is still perplexing modern day historians and archaeologists about these sites. I will start with the oldest of the three locations from above, Jericho. Jericho is a city of Palestine, but has been under the occupation of many. Its most important fact is that it is one of the oldest known permanently occupied cities in the world, occupied during the Natufian era (10,800 – 8,500 BCE) to present day. It was primarily occupied during a time known as the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Period (PPN: 8,500 – 6,000 BCE), which is further broken down into two more time frames called PPNA (8,500 – 7,300 BCE) and PPNB (7,300 – 6,000 BCE). Along with being one of the oldest known cities, Jericho shows us that humans of the Neolithic Period had begun to create permanent structures for living. After the domestication of plants and animals it is believed that Jericho was chosen to be a permanent settlement because it was a plateau of the Jordan River valley with a spring that supplied a constant source for water. During the PPNA, oval homes made from mud bricks with roofs made from wooden branches covered in earth began to appear at Jericho. Around 7,500 BCE, a rock-cut ditch and thick walls approximately 5 feet wide surrounded the city. Within the wall there is a single circular tower (fig. 1), approximately 30 feet high and almost 33 feet in diameter. These walls and towers mark the beginning of monumental architecture. Later, during the PPNB era the architects of Jericho began building the homes with rectangular  mud bricks and a plaster-like mud mortar, these houses were made into rectangular shapes due to the rectangular bricks. During this time we can also find evidence of new forms of art, plastered human skulls. It is believed these heads may have been used for a cult or religion of some sort. The heads were formed around a human skulls with the plaster-like mud mortar and then shells were placed in the eyes, and traces of paint were also found to shown a resemblance of skin and hair (fig 2). Next, let’s discuss another major settlement of the Neolithic Period that was formed between 7,000 and 5,000 BCE, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k. This site is important because it is possible to retrace human evolution of the Neolithic culture over the period of approximately 800 years. The people of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k were Neolithic weapon and toolmakers, especially in the use of obsidian. More importantly though was the village itself, it’s architecture and the art that thrived within. Most important about its architecture is that adjoining buildings, meaning it had no streets, formed this village. In July of 2012, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k was inscribed as a United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site. There are two types of buildings that were constructed within Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, houses and shrines. The houses were made of mud bricks that were strengthened by timber frames. These homes contained no doors, but openings at the top that served as an entrance and a chimney. The interiors were plastered and painted; with platform shelving that was used as sites for sleeping, eating, and working (fig. 3). The dead of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k were buried right under platforms of the homes. Although the houses of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k were decorated on the inside there were other buildings slightly larger that contained more decoration, ornate murals, animal heads, paintings and figurines, are the shrines. These buildings still intrigue archaeologists today, as we do not know their true purpose. Along with the architecture of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, you see the beginning of narrative paintings. Although people had begun to raise animals of their own, hunting still played a major part in human life. This is shown in wall painting from Level III of Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k (fig. 4). Also at Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, we find what now referred to as the first map, or the first landscape painting (fig. 5). This landscape painting remained unique for thousands of years, and with carbon dating this painting was executed in or around 6,150 BCE. In addition to painting, at Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k we find sculpture, weaving, pottery  and even techniques of smelting lead. Now let us move on to the most intriguing and puzzling place of these three Neolithic sites, Stonehenge. Stonehenge is a formation of rocks as high as 17 feet and weighing as much as 50 tons. Because these stones are so large historians have called them megaliths, meaning great stones. Stonehenge exists on the Salisbury Plain of southern England. Stonehenge itself is a megalithic monument constructed over the course of several years, in several phases. Stonehenge Phase 1, known as the earthwork monument. The first phase of Stonehenge was begun around 2,950 to 2,900 BCE. During phase one Stonehenge consisted of four sections and two entrances (fig. 6). The four sections are as follows from outside to inside: the Outer bank, the Ditch, the Circular bank, and the Aubrey Holes. The ditch, which is enclosed by two earthen banks, has the same center as the 56 Aubrey Holes inside it, therefore telling historians they came from the same time period. The second phase of Stonehenge is one that still perplexes historians, but the best evidence we have tells us it occurred sometime between 2,900 BCE and 2,550 to 2,400 BCE. During this time of its construction all evidence shows us that Stonehenge was more than likely being used as a cremation site. This phase it is known as the timber monument. All across the in circle of Stonehenge and around both entrance excavations have revealed post-holes which indicate that at this stage in Stonehenge’s construction it was made from timber and not the megalithic stones that now stand. These post-hole sites are divided into three distinct locations, the northeastern entrance, the southern entrance and the confused central pattern. The patterns displayed in the confused central pattern raise many concerns for historians and this is something that still raises questions for them, as it is unknown exactly how big the structures were or how they looked at this time. The third and final phase of Stonehenge is known as the stone monument. This is when what we see today was added to this monument. There are two types of megalithic stones found at Stonehenge, the bluestones and the sarsen stones. The final stage took the form concentric post-and-lintel circles. There are four circles and two horseshoes that were formed in the final stage of Stonehenge. The first two circles formed inside of Stonehenge’s Circular bank are referred to as the Rings of Y and Z Holes. These holes show evidence that Stonehenge may have never been completed, as holes were dug prior to placing stones inside the  monument. Inside of these two circles was a large circle formed out of sarsen stone lintels, then followed by a circle of bluestones. Inside of the two stone circle were the horseshoes, one made of sarsen stones and another inside of that made out of bluestones, with a single stone called the Altar Stone in the center of the bluestone horseshoe (fig. 7). Along the Circular bank four more stones appear, known as the Station Stones. Only two of the four stones still remain, but when you run a line between each of stones it forms a rectangle whose center pinpoints the exact center of the monument. From the center of the monument traveling out toward the northeast entrance you see the last two megaliths of Stonehenge, the Slaughter Stone and the Heel Stone. The Heel stone aligns with the center of Stonehenge at the midsummer solstice, thus giving historians the belief that Stonehenge was used a Calendar. The true use of Stonehenge may never be known, as evidence has also proven that Stonehenge might have been used as an observatory of astronomical aspects. Of these three sites we have learned a lot about our past. We have discovered many forms of artwork, and architectural changes to the human culture. But what we know of these sites is still growing. What will the future hold for us? While we continue to excavate and research these sites, will we find that the humans of Neolithic times were smarter or as smart than we are today? Are there any more new architectural discoveries to be found at these sites? Will we find more art that change the way we look at Art History? These three locations are a vast pile of knowledge still waiting to be discovered and hopefully it will not take us as long to discover the knowledge as it took the ancients to create the locations. Figure 1, Great Stone Tower, Jericho. Reproduced from smarthistory, http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jericho.html. Figure 2, Plastered Skulls from Yiftah’el. Reproduced from smarthistory, http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jericho.html. Figure 3, On-site restoration of a typical interior, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, 2005. Reproduced from Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Catal_H%C3%BCy%C3%BCk_Restauration_B.JPG. Figure 4, Deer Hunt, 5750 BCE. Level III, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, Turkey. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara. Reproduced from Fred S. Kleiner, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011), 26. Figure 5, Landscape with volcanic eruption, 6150 BCE. Level III, Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k, Turkey. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara. Reproduced from Fred S. Kleiner, Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011), 27. Figure 6, Stonehenge: Phase 1. Reproduced from David Souden, Stonehenge Revealed (New York, NY: Facts on File Inc., 1997), 31. Figure 7, Stonehenge: Phase 3, inner circles. Reproduced from David Souden, Stonehenge Revealed (New York, NY: Facts on File Inc., 1997), 39. Bibliography German, Senta. Çatal Hà ¶yà ¼k. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/catal-hoyuk.html (accessed 12 January 2013). German, Senta. Jericho. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/jericho.html. (accessed 12 January 2013). German, Senta. Stonehenge, Salibury Plain, England. http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/catal-hoyuk.html. (accessed 12 January 2013). Hirst, K. Kris. â€Å"The Archaeology of the Ancient City of Jericho,† Jericho (Palestine). http://archaeology.about.com/od/jterms/qt/jericho.htm. (accessed 12 January 2013) Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, A Global History (Boston, MA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning, 2011. Souden, David. Stonehenge Revealed. New York, NY: Facts on File Inc., 1997. Wikipedia. Çatalhà ¶yà ¼k. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, Jericho. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, Stonehenge. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, UNESCO. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO. (accessed 12 January 2013). Wikipedia, World Heritage Site. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site. (accessed 12 January 2013).